When it comes to summer skincare, there's no debate: sunscreen, sunscreen, sunscreen! It’s so crucial that we can't stress it enough.

To stay sun-safe, the fashion-forward urbanites go to great lengths, covering themselves from head to toe—sunscreen masks that shield the neck, UV-blocking sleeves for those exposed hands, and sunglasses for added protection.

However, there’s one area often overlooked and highly prone to sunburn: the scalp!

With summer fun comes the risk of “scalp sunburn,” and it’s not uncommon to see vacation photos online featuring both stunning views and sunburned scalps. Many people, even those who haven’t hit the beach or ventured to high altitudes, find their scalps red and painful. It’s a wake-up call: the scalp needs sunscreen too!

The Serious Consequences of Scalp Sunburn

Think scalp sunburn is something that happens only to others? Think again. Many people don’t realize their scalps are already suffering from sun damage.

Do you notice:

- Oily scalp and large flakes of dandruff?

- Persistent scalp pain or itchiness?

- Hair color appearing lighter?

These issues might be linked to UV exposure. UVB rays stimulate the scalp’s surface, causing pain and itching, while UVA rays penetrate deeper, causing more severe damage.

Just like the skin on the rest of your body, the scalp is vulnerable to UV rays. Sunburn on the scalp can be described as “pain that breathes”—it's uncomfortable whether touched or not, and washing with water can intensify the agony. It can lead to severe pain, redness, peeling, and in extreme cases, yellowish discharge. Because of its location and the presence of hair, treating a sunburned scalp is challenging and recovery can be painfully slow.

Excessive UV exposure doesn’t just cause immediate discomfort—it can also lead to long-term damage. It can alter the type and ratio of oils on your scalp and affect the balance of scalp microbes, making you more susceptible to seborrheic dermatitis.

Additionally, UV rays can weaken hair, leading to split ends and color changes. UV light breaks down the disulfide bonds in cysteine, a component of keratin, making hair brittle and potentially leading to temporary hair loss. UV rays can also damage the melanin in your hair, causing it to lighten or become discolored.

Scalp Sunburn Is More Common Than You Think

Despite its apparent robustness, the scalp is surprisingly sensitive. It has active free radicals, thinner skin compared to other parts of the body, and a high exposure to sunlight due to its location at the top of the head.

Although hair provides some protection, it’s not sufficient. The UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) of hair is only about 5–17, far below the recommended level of UPF 40 for effective sun protection. Dark hair absorbs more UV rays, which can also increase heat and raise scalp temperature. Moreover, gaps between hair strands allow UV rays to penetrate.

Research shows that thicker hair offers better UV protection, but those with thinning hair are at higher risk of scalp sunburn. Unfortunately, the effects of sunburn on the scalp often go unnoticed until it’s too late.

The Challenges of Scalp Sun Protection**

You might think wearing a hat solves the problem, but many popular sun hats are open-topped for better ventilation and styling, providing inadequate protection for the scalp.

To truly protect your scalp, follow these four key tips:

1. Choose the Right Sun Hat

Opt for a hat with a full brim and a high UPF rating (UPF > 40). A light-colored exterior reflects sunlight, while a darker interior reduces light reflection onto your face.

2. Use a Sun Umbrella

A sun umbrella offers wider coverage and keeps you cooler without directly touching your hair. Ensure it has a UPF rating greater than 40, and note that black-coated umbrellas generally offer better UV protection than silver-coated ones.

3. Monitor UV Index Levels

UV rays aren’t restricted to sunny days; they can be strong on cloudy or overcast days. Check the UV index on weather apps before going out. A UV index over 6 indicates strong UV radiation, requiring extra protection.

4. Plan Outdoor Activities Wisely

Avoid being outside between 10 AM and 4 PM, when UV rays are most intense. Reducing exposure during peak hours minimizes the risk of sunburn.

If you do get a sunburned scalp, avoid scratching, which can worsen inflammation or lead to infection. Use cold compresses and scalp-specific soothing and moisturizing products to alleviate symptoms. If discomfort persists or worsens, consult a dermatologist for appropriate treatment.

To those who meticulously protect their skin from the sun, remember to extend that care to your scalp. It’s all about complete sun protection—so start today!

[1] Jennifer, Gherardini,Jeannine, Wegner,Jérémy, Chéret et al. Transepidermal UV radiation of scalp skin ex vivo induces hair follicle damage that is alleviated by the topical treatment with caffeine.[J] .Int J Cosmet Sci, 2019, 41: 0.

[2] Alastair B, Ross,Evelyne, Maes,Erin J, Lee et al. UV and visible light exposure to hair leads to widespread changes in the hair lipidome.[J] .Int J Cosmet Sci, 2022, 44: 0.

[3] 3.de Gálvez María Victoria,Aguilera José,Bernabó Jean-Luc et al. Human Hair as a Natural Sun Protection Agent: A Quantitative Study.[J] .Photochem Photobiol, 2015, 91: 966-70.